Severe Space Weather Impacts on UK Critical National Infrastructure: S6 SWIMMR Space Weather Impact Report

<p dir="ltr">The importance of space weather as a natural hazard is well recognised in the UK, with its inclusion in the National Risk Register in 2011 and impact on engineered systems detailed in the Royal Academy of Engineering’s “Cannon report” in 2013. </p><p dir="ltr">The Space Weather Instrumentation, Measurement, Modelling and Risk (SWIMMR) Programme, a £19.9 million programme funded by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund, has enabled the expertise within the UK academic community to add national capability to the Met Office Space Weather Operations Centre (MOSWOC) and increase UK awareness and preparedness to mitigate the hazards of space weather. </p><p dir="ltr">This document is the final report of the Space Weather Impact Study (SWIMMR S6) commissioned by STFC as one of the projects of the SWIMMR programme. The report builds on the findings of the Cannon report, and provides a comprehensive literature review in light of current national infrastructure sectors and new technologies. The study brought together over 100 stakeholders from across government, the public sector, industry and academia, covering seven of the UK Critical National Infrastructure Sectors most affected by space weather vulnerabilities – Space, Energy, Communications, Road, Rail, Aviation and Maritime. </p><p dir="ltr">The report highlights recommendations for risk remediation and future work sector-by-sector, including cross-sectoral recommendations and new and emerging technologies. </p><p dir="ltr">Full record details on the final published report can be accessed on the STFC ePub website at <a href="http://purl.org/net/epubs/work/61075921" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">http://purl.org/net/epubs/work/61075921</a>.  </p>